Producing a drinkable ale was not easy, and the colonists were not always successful, as the complaint from a 17th century inhabitant of Jamestown confirms: "I would you could hang that villain Duppe who by his stinking beer hath poisoned . ), Louis XIV inherits the throne of France at the age of four, Go to Louis XIV (16381715) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Oxford Companion to German Literature (3 ed. The Thirty Years' War, the end of the Dutch Revolt, the English Civil War, the demise of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Great Turkish War occurred during this time period. Overview: Civil War and Revolution, 1603 - 1714. Bacteria and foreign yeast could spoil a brew, so it was important to keep the keeler covered. Calvin had thought in catholic, not sectarian, terms when he mourned for the Body of Christ, bleeding, its members severed. Deeper than quarrels about articles of belief or modes of worship lay the mentality conditioned by centuries of war against pagan and infidel, as by the Reconquista in Spain, which had produced a strong idea of a distinctive European character. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Revolts broke out in Palermo and Naples in 1647. Her most recent book is the Broadview edition of Cavendishs Grounds of Natural Philosophy.. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. WebBrowse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic 17th Century Ship stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. 1688 1689 : The Glorious Revolution starts with the Dutch Republic invading England, England becomes a constitutional monarchy . World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), Pocahontas fascinates Londoners when she arrives with her husband to publicize Jamestown, John Smith publishes A Description of New England, an account of his exploration of the region in 1614, Go to Smith, John (15801631) in WebThe 17th century was a period of unceasing disturbance and violent storms, no less in literature than in politics and society. ), Scotland and England are merged under English parliamentary rule, in a forced union which lasts eight years, Jan van Riebeeck establishes a Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, Go to Riebeeck, Jan van (161077) in ), Charles I, brought to trial before 135 commissioners in Westminster Hall, refuses to recognise the court's validity, After a trial lasting a week in Westminster Hall, Charles I is convicted of treason for fighting a war against parliament, Charles I is beheaded on a scaffold erected in the street in London's Whitehall, Charles II, in the Hague, inherits the English and Scottish thrones of his executed father, Charles I, Go to Charles II (163085) in Education has taken on many forms and there have been great periods of educational development over the centuries. The Renaissance had prepared a receptive environment essential to the dissemination of the ideas of the new science and philosophy. The child is wearing clothes of the time with black jacket and cape, a white shirt with ruffled sleeves, auburn socks and black boots. The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (2 ed. If you enjoy fiction science fiction especially it makes sense to start with the intensely imaginative The Blazing World: Part utopian romance, part autobiography, part satire of experimental science, it narrates the story of a lady who becomes supreme empress of another, fantastical realm. ), The Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck begins a five-year stay, and a successful career as a portrait painter, in Genoa, The English settlers in Virginia arrange a peace conference with the Powhatan Indians, using it as an opportunity to murder the Powhatan delegates, John Heminge and Henry Condell publish thirty-six Shakespeare plays in the First Folio, Go to Folio, the First in ), The warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu is awarded the title of shogun, beginning nearly three centuries of the Tokugawa shogunate, Go to Tokugawa in By Liza Picard, illustrations by Simon Cooper. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Long regarded by many critics as decadent, Baroque literature is now viewed in a more favourable light and is understood to denote a style the chief characteristics of which are elaboration and ornament, the use of allegory, rhetoric, and daring artifice. The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed. ), Charles II returns to Scotland and is crowned king of Scots in the traditional manner at Scone, Parliament in England passes the first of several Navigation Acts designed to reserve international trade for English ships, Go to Navigation Acts in As a result, it's led people to speculate if the person in the painting is a "time traveller". Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. Indeed, she critiqued power and authority in ways that seem strikingly modern: She recognized the gendered construction of intellectual authority, for instance, as well as the damage done to women in denying them education. ), Bohemian nobles throw the Habsburg regents out of a window in the castle in Prague, thus triggering the Thirty Years' War, Go to Thirty Years' War (161848) in ), Pierre Corneille's play Le Cid, popular with Paris audiences, hinges on the conflict between duty and love, Go to Corneille, Pierre in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The pattern of religious conflict was reflected in literary forms and preoccupations. (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. ), Diego Velazquez becomes court painter to the king of Spain - a post which he will hold for the remaining thirty-seven years of his life, Go to Velzquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y (15991660) in in But accounts of the subsequent crash may be more fiction than fact. As in much of Cavendishs work, her characters tend to blur distinctions between fiction and life in disorienting ways. Lager, produced by a yeast which is activated at a relatively low temperature (40 F), is the lightest form of beer. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), The Russian tsar, Peter I, studies western European technology, working as a ship's carpenter in Dutch and English shipyards, In his opera La Caduta de' Decemviri, Alessandro Scarlatti introduces a new form of prelude, later known as the Italian overture, which is an important stage in the development of the symphony, In the Treaty of Rijswijk, Spain cedes the western half of Hispaniola to France, which names its new colony Saint-Domingue, Go to Haiti in That is not to say that there was no connection between different features of the period. Optics had its origins in Greece, especially in the works of Euclid (c. 300 bce), who stated many of the results in geometric optics that the Greeks had discovered, including the law of Oh we can make liquor to sweeten our lips It had an initial valuation of between 2,000 and 4,000, but it sparked such intense interest that it sold for 220,000. The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (1 ed. WebThe berlin, developed in Berlin, becomes the most successful carriage of the seventeenth century Webexpand all Overview: Civil War and Revolution 1603 - 1714 Overview: Civil War and Revolution, 1603 - 1714 The Stuart dynasty spanned one of the most tumultuous periods in British The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2 rev ed. 16001650 in Western European fashion - Wikipedia Large wardrobes, cupboards, and cabinets had twisted columns, broken pediments, and heavy moldings. Lively, mercurial and complex, her work is innovative in ways only now being fully appreciated. ), The armies of James II and William III confront each at the river Boyne, with victory going to William, Go to Boyne, Battle of the (1 July 1690) in Centuries and How to Refer to Them - Dictionary by ), Isaac Newton's experiments with the prism demonstrate the link between wavelength and colour in light, The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb begins building the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Go to Aurangzeb Sixth emperor of Mughal India (16581707) in Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. Cavendish wrote in the midst of not just political upheaval but intellectual ferment: The later 17th century saw a major paradigm shift, in the words of Thomas Kuhn, as British philosophers began to adopt the scientific models that we have inherited today. Increased literacy, combined with The Restoration led the British people to an increasingly public life. The Oxford Companion to British History (1 rev ed. The great question of the century, which confronted serious writers from Donne to Dryden, was Michel de Montaignes What do I know? or, in expanded terms, the ascertainment of the grounds and relations of knowledge, faith, reason, and authority in religion, metaphysics, ethics, politics, economics, and natural science. All rights reserved. The Globe catches fire during a performance of Shakespeare's last play, William Bradford begins a journal of the Pilgrims' experience in New England, subsequently published (in 1856) as, The Pilgrims (or Pilgrim Fathers), a group of 102 English settlers, sail in the, Ten days after their first landfall, at Cape Cod, the adult males on the, William Bradford, one of the Pilgrims from the, John Winthrop, arriving in Massachusetts, begins the journal that is eventually published as, The first book published in England's American colonies is, Rembrandt creates an etching so desirable that it becomes known as the, The pleasure districts of Edo and Kyoto provide the delights of, The poems of Massachusetts author Anne Bradstreet are published in London under the title. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. It's not the first time people have appeared to spot modern items in old works of art. She was also wary of the tendency to assume that humans are at the top of the natural hierarchy, rather than one small part of nature, thus anticipating a line of inquiry that is still underway in the work of contemporary philosophers such as Martha Nussbaum. Unlike most Restoration women, Cavendish had the benefit of some education. ), Ole Roemer, a Danish astronomer working with Cassini in Paris, calculates the speed of light with an error of only 25%, With his powerful new microscope Leeuwenhoek observes spermatozoa in the semen of a dog, Baruch Spinoza's Ethics, dealing with God, the mind and the emotions, is published shortly after his death, Go to Spinoza, Benedictus de (163277) in Compton Verney covered the rest through an acquisition fund established by the sale of a painting several years ago. Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter. ), The Dutch artist Aelbert Cuyp paints landscapes that glow with the warmth of gentle sunlight, Go to Cuyp family in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. ), Rubens returns from Italy to Antwerp, where he soon establishes Europe's most successful and prolific studio, A shipload of Puritans, among them some of the future Pilgrim Fathers, sail from Boston in Lincolnshire to seek religious freedom in Holland, Go to puritan in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms (2 ed. ), For the final years of his life Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort, Samuel Pepys has a two-ounce stone cut from his bladder, in an operation carried out at home in the presence of his family, Go to Pepys, Samuel (16331703) in ), Charles II grants William Penn the charter for the region that becomes Pennsylvania, in settlement of a debt to Penn's father, Go to Penn, William (16441718) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. ), The Briare canal, joining the Seine to the Loire, has a staircase of six consecutive locks, Go to lock in Instead of asking why things ), Nicolas Poussin arrives in Rome, where he develops the tradition of French classicism, Go to Poussin, Nicolas (15941665) in A buss of 240 tons with lateen sails was required by maritime statutes of Venice to be manned by a crew of 50 sailors. In England a similar tendency was to be found in the work of the Royal Society in encouraging a simple language, a closer, naked, natural way of speaking, suitable for rational discourse, paralleled by the great achievements in prose of John Milton and John Dryden. ), Poland, Russia and Denmark attack Sweden, beginning the 21-year Northern War, Go to Great Northern War in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. While people studied and relied upon the more or less unproven principles of medieval alchemy, it was during the 17th century that a transition to the science of chemistry took place. Another important development during this time was the evolution from astrology to astronomy. ), 19-year-old Alessandro Scarlatti has a great success in Rome with Gli Equivoci nel Sembiante, the first of his 115 operas, Go to Scarlatti, Alessandro (16601725) in ), The first documented Caesarean section in which the mother survives, Go to caesarean section noun in ), Devoted fisherman Izaak Walton publishes the classic work on the subject, The Compleat Angler, Go to Walton, Izaak (15931683) in The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (4 ed. 17th century BC ), The Swedish army wins another convincing victory at Ltzen, but Gustavus II dies leading a cavalry charge, Maryland is granted to Lord Baltimore as a haven for English Roman Catholics, Go to Baltimore, George Calvert, 1st Lord (c. 15801632) in 1517 - Wikipedia Was the young boy hundreds of years ahead of his time?Sothebys/National Gallery. ), After years of warfare, the truce of Altmark gives Estonia and most of Latvia to Sweden, The sculptor and architect Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini is given the task of adding the drama of baroque to the newly completed St Peter's in Rome, Charles I dismisses his parliament in Westminster, and fails to summon another in the following eleven years, Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America, Go to Guiana in Read and learn about 7 key moments in history that took place around the world during the 17th Century (1600s). ), In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam, The Jesuits establish a mission at Sault Sainte Marie which becomes the starting point for French exploration south of the Great Lakes, Go to Sault Sainte Marie (Canada, USA) in King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden saw one aspect when he wrote: All the wars that are afoot in Europe have become as one.. A 17th century painting called 'Portrait of a Boy' painted by Dutch Master Ferdinand Bolhas been talked about as the footwear in the image looks just like a 'Nike trainer.' Trade and commerce grew and grew. ), Williamsburg, first known as Middle Plantation, is founded in Virginia, Go to Williamsburg in In the Dutch town of Middelburg, Go to Lippershey, Hans (c.15701619) in "Luther" in Lexicon van Hardnekkige Misverstanden. ), The Japanese are forbidden to leave their country, or foreigners to enter, at the start of more than two centuries of almost total isolation, Go to Japan in History of England Beer, cider and other relatively weak fermented beverages were almost universally consumed from the earliest days of Virginia's history. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), In the first decisive battle of the English Civil War the king's nephew, Rupert of the Rhine, is heavily defeated at Marston Moor, Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell form England's first professional army, calling it the New Model Army, Go to New Model Army in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed. The fact that its two women one is black, one is white is particularly interesting for us now and they were stories that were deliberately not told., Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev ed. Jamestowns waterfront discovery area highlights 17th-century water travel, commerce, and cultural exchange, with interactive exhibits on navigation and cargo. On May 24, 1607, the newly-arrived colonists at Jamestown had their first feast. Portrait of a Boy was painted by Dutch master Ferdinand Bol in the 17th century, which shows an eight-year-old boy standing in the foreground holding a goblet while resting his other hand on his hip. Uncertainties engendered by the nature of Russian religion, rule, society, and manners perpetuated former ambivalent attitudes toward Byzantium. After boiling the mixture for several hours, the brewer cooled it to about 70 F and sprinkled on the yeast, which began to digest the sugar in the solution and excrete it as alcohol. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. ), The Massachusetts town of Salem is gripped by witch-hunting hysteria, Go to Salem witch trials (1692) in This Time of Troubles became the topic of a number of historical or memoiristic works, including ), Turenne defeats Cond in a battle in the Paris suburbs, hastening the decline of the Fronde, Cromwell uses troops to turn the members out of the House of Commons and locks the door behind them, The 14-year-old Louis XIV dances in a court ballet as Apollo, wearing a glorious sun costume, and finds that he likes the role, Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth for life, under legislation entitled the Instrument of Government, Jan Vermeer marries and begins a quiet career as a painter and art dealer in his home town of Delft, Go to Vermeer, Jan (163275) in His followers in FrancePierre Charron, J.-P. Camus, and La Mothe Le Vayer, among othersfurther popularized his views. ), Colonists establish the first lasting British settlement in the new world, at Jamestown, Go to Jamestown in ), A rebellion of nobles against Mazarin, the principal minister of the young Louis XIV, becomes known as the Fronde, Go to Fronde (164853) in The word catholic survived in the creeds of Protestant churches, such as that of England. ), The Dalai Lama declares that his teacher is also an incarnation of a future Buddha, and that he is to be known as Panchen, Go to Panchen Lama in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. ), The first successful human blood transfusion is achieved in Paris by Jean Baptiste Denis, apparently saving the life of a 15-year-old boy, Go to transfusion in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. ), James I commissions the Authorized version of the Bible, which is completed by forty-seven scholars in seven years, Go to Durgpur (West Bengal/India) in The economic involution reinforced the social hierarchy, favoured investment in landed property and rents over commerce and industry, and reinvigorated noble pretensions. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Crisis, recovery, and resilience: Did the Middle Ages end? ), The Blue Mosque, commissioned by Ahmed I, begins to rise in Istanbul like a twin to the nearby Santa Sophia, Go to Hagia Sofia in the colony." World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), The Bank of Sweden is founded, and survives today as the world's oldest bank, The duke of York, heir to the English and Scottish thrones, is secretly received into the Roman Catholic church, Go to James II (16331701) in In the north, intensive agriculture supported the numerous large cities, but overexpansion onto unproductive land, soil depletion, and the loss of credit pushed the region to the limits of what the population could support. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The first signs of hardship appeared in Italy after 1585, and famine persisted through the 1590s. ), The battle of the White Mountain, to the west of Prague, ends the brief reign of Frederick V in Bohemia, Delft becomes the centre for tin-glazed earthenware in northern Europe, specializing in the blue-and-white Chinese style, In his Novum Organum Francis Bacon introduces a modern philosophy of experimental science, Go to Bacon, Francis (15611626) in A 150 year old painting appears to show a woman using an iPhone, a painting from 1937 shows man using an 'iPhone' and an Ancient Greek statue showing 'woman using laptop' has people thinking time travel is real. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. WebThis topic has proven to be vexatious especially at the turns of centuries, starting at the end of the 17th one, according to a Library of Congress article by Ruth S. Freitag called "Battle of the Centuries." ), John Strong, landing on some remote Atlantic islands, names them after Viscount Falkland, treasurer of the British navy, Go to Falkland Islands in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A spokesman from the National Gallery told the publication: "We are delighted that this picture has been such a hit with our visitors. ), A lucky accident reveals the principle of the telescope to a spectacle maker, Hans Lippershey. WebGlossary of Terms used in 17th Century wills & inventories History: Civil War and Revolution - BBC - Home Well, that is until you take a closer look at the footwear to see what appears to be a white Nike "tick" logo on the side of the youngster's left shoe. The Thirty Years' ), Claudio Monteverdi presents Orfeo, the first opera to win a lasting place in the international repertory, Go to Monteverdi, Claudio (15671643) in Across her career, Cavendish developed a comprehensive philosophical program, which is often called organic materialism. This system posits that nature is not just material but also eternal, infinite, self-moving, self-knowing and alive. The questioning attitude that characterized the period is seen in the works of its great scientists and philosophers: Descartess Discourse on Method (1637) and Pascals Penses (written 165758) in France; Bacons Advancement of Learning (1605) and Hobbess Leviathan (1651) in England. ), Ben Jonson writes The Masque of Blackness, the first of his many masques for the court of James I, Go to masque in The 17th century was characterized by the Baroque movement, the French Grand Siecle, the Scientific Revolution and the Dutch Golden Age. The Thirty Years' War, the end of the Dutch Revolt, the English Civil War, the demise of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Great Turkish War occurred during this time period. ), Charles I and his archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, attempt to impose the full Anglican hierarchy on presbyterian Scotland, John Milton's Lycidas is published in memory of a Cambridge friend, Edward King, Go to Milton, John (160874) in ), James II, landing in Ireland, is acclaimed as king in Dublin by enthusiastic Irish Catholics, A Grand Alliance against France is formed by almost all the other powers in Europe, Go to Grand Alliance in ), John Winthrop selects the site of Boston for the first Massachusetts settlement, John Winthrop, arriving in Massachusetts, begins the journal that is eventually published as The History Of New England, Gustavus II and the Swedish army win a conclusive victory over the imperial forces at Breitenfeld, Rembrandt moves from his home town of Leiden to set up a studio in Amsterdam, The Inquisition convicts Galileo of heresy and he denies the truth of Copernicus - on being shown the instruments of torture, Shah Jahan orders that all recently built Hindu temples shall be destroyed, ending the Mughal tradition of religious tolerance, Go to Shah Jahan (15921666) in History of Scandinavia Read more. Cavendishs natural skepticism and her position on the margins of scientific discourse meant that she dared to contradict (and sometimes belittle) a wide range of esteemed men who saw themselves as the patrons of a new, enlightened age. Montaignes skepticism opposed all sorts of disciplines, A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Jean-Baptiste Colbert (Intendant gnral, 16611665; Contrleur gnral des finances, 16611683) best articulated this French mercantilism. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed. Some historians have seen there not particular crises but a general crisis. Most influential in the debate have been the Marxist view that it was a crisis of production and the liberal political view that it was a general reaction to the concentration of power at the centre. ), Wood-carver Grinling Gibbons arrives from Holland to begin an immensely successful career in England, Go to Gibbons, Grinling (16481721) in Cavendishs prolific literary output is no less impressive than her philosophical and scientific contributions. Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed. The line between Orthodox Russia and the rest of Christian Europe had never been so sharp as that which divided Christendom and Islam. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. ), Part I of The Pilgrim's Progress, written during John Bunyan's two spells in Bedford Gaol, is published and is immediately popular, Go to Pilgrim's Progress in 5 tips to help you avoid a July 4 travel disaster, How to avoid fatal mistakes at national parks, according to a ranger, Woman loses leg after moving walkway accident at Bangkok airport. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of Physics (6 ed. ), John Bunyan is convicted of unlicensed preaching and spends the next eleven years in Bedford Gaol, The body of Oliver Cromwell is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, The Cavalier Parliament begins to pass a series of acts, known as the Clarendon Code, containing punitive measures against Presbyterians, Go to Clarendon code in Stirring took place periodically, traditionally done with a bunch of broomstraw which was impregnated with yeast and quickened the action. With appreciation of the separate interests that Bismarck would identify as real went diplomatic, legal, and religious concerns which involved states in common action and contributed to the notion of a single Europe. Most people can't, Study of oldest footprint ever may change the entire history of humanity, Scientists have come up with a new meaning of life, UFO expert claims that south pole is 'air traffic control' for aliens, Liverpool fans relieved as 'Mohamed Salah' signs for Saudi club, Earthbound solar storm could cause 'internet apocalypse', 'Alien in New York' video sparks fresh speculation about UFOs, Cleaner turns off 'beeping' lab freezer, ruining 25 years of research, 'Educational Submarine implosion videos' viewed by millions on TikTok, Cristiano Ronaldo has finally met iShowSpeed, Jordan Peterson wants Elon Musk and Mark Zuckerberg to fight 'naked', 'Vile' Titanic sub memes show social media at its worst. ), Galileo, with his new powerful telescope, observes the moons of Jupiter and spots moving on the surface of the sun, Henry IV is assassinated in a Paris street by a Roman Catholic, Franois Ravaillac, Go to Henry IV in ), Shakespeare's sonnets, written ten years previously, are published, A flintlock designed in France (possibly by Marin Le Bourgeoys) becomes the standard firing mechanism for muskets, Go to flintlock noun in ), Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens constructs the first pendulum clock, on Christmas Day in the Hague, Velazquez, in Las Meninas, paints himself painting the king and queen of Spain, The Dutch in South Africa purchase slaves to do domestic and agricultural work, Andrew Marvell works as assistant Latin secretary to Milton in Cromwell's department for foreign affairs, Go to Marvell, Andrew (162178) in The Oxford Companion to Music (1 rev ed. seventeenth century He found before the 17th-century, children Unlike the sophisticated scientific methods employed in today's breweries, the beer-maker of the 17th century relied on taste, smell and touch. Who Said It? ), William Shakespeare dies at New Place, his home in Stratford-upon-Avon, and is buried in Holy Trinity Church, The treaty of Stolbova brings into Swedish hands the coast round the Gulf of Finland, ending Russian access to the Baltic, Go to Finland, Gulf of in 17th century artists - WikiArt.org - Visual Art Encyclopedia ), Sbastien de Vauban's socket bayonet is introduced in the French army, English grandees invite William III of Orange and his wife Mary, daughter of James II, to claim the British throne, Go to William III (16501702) in Living in the 17th century Both agricultural production and urban industries entered into crisis in the decade 161120, reaching their low point about 1650. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Colbert founds East India and West India companies to ensure a supply of raw materials for France's factories, Louis XIV commissions a well-established team of designers to provide him with a spectacular palace and garden at Versailles, Go to Versailles in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. ), Charles I frustrates the English parliament's restrictions by raising taxes without summoning parliament for renewed approval, A British colony is founded in Barbados and within fifteen years has 18,000 settlers, Go to Barbados (West Indies) in
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