According to finds by the ASI, many artefacts discovered were of Hindu deities. Nalanda University was then a suburb of Rajgir. Among the Tibetan records, the most useful is the biography of the Tibetan monk-pilgrim,Dharmasvamindiscovered in 1936 and inbsdus-yigstyle, Tibetan script. The Gupta rulers built Nalanda in the early fifth century, and it grew over the next seven centuries. When the Tibetan translator Chag Lotsawa (Chag Lo-tsa-ba, 11971264) visited the site in 1235, he found it damaged and looted, with a 90-year-old teacher, Rahula Shribhadra, instructing a class of about 70 students. This time, the Hindu king Harshavardhana (606-648 AD) restored the Buddhist university. She also likes to discuss world cuisine, culture, languages, and art cinema. Information on the Nalanda University Library is given in the Tibetan accounts, from which we know that the Library, situated in a special area known by the poetical name of Dharmaganj a (Mart of Religion), comprised three huge buildings, called Ratnaagara, Ratnodadhi, and Rat-naranjala, of which Ratnasagara, which was a ninestoreyed building, specialized in the collection of rare sacred works like Praniapa-ramtia-sutra and Tantrika books like Samajaguhya and the like. Your email address will not be published. "Yes, it is difficult to assign a definitive reason for the invasion," said Shankar Sharma, the director of the onsite museum, which displays 350 artefacts of the more-than 13,000 antiquities it houses, which were salvaged during Nalanda excavations, such as stucco sculptures, bronze statuettes of the Buddha, and ivory and bone pieces. He was not willing to believe that Indian physicians have more knowledge than his or her masters or maybe more capable. Patronage of various kings over time added to its grandeur with the university being adorned with beautiful sculptures. Visit Indian History Real Truth Facebook group to view related posts. He was also the first to attribute radiance of the moon to reflected sunlight.". If we look at the Gupta Empire dynasty, Nalanda University was founded around the kingdom of Chandragupta one of Samudra Gupta. Two alcoves facing each other were meant to hold oil lamps and personal belongings, and Singh explained that the small, square-shaped hollow near the entrance of the cell served as each student's personal letterbox. But the legacy of Nalanda lives on, even to this day. He described the situation in the decades after the sack of Nalanda and other Buddhist monasteries in the Magadha region of India. Before its recognition as a center for knowledge, Nalanda has been describedin Jain and Buddhist texts as a 'sacred space'. A stretch of 450 acres of land at the base of theRajgir Hills was identified and acquired to house its campus. Why Nalanda University destroyed, know the historical reason Many of the texts and manuscripts that were destroyed in the burning of Nalanda have never been recovered, and the loss is still felt to this day. Today many indians go to america , canada , australia , germany and different parts of world to complete higher graduations, But how many of you know , there was a university in india 2500 years ago where students used to come from china , korea ,japan and many other countries, Yes i was talking about Nalanda University which is one of the oldest university of world and was cultural center of Global education and technology, But saddest thing is , this university was destroyed by invaders by burning 90 lakh books into ashes and trust me reason for destroying this university will make your blood boil. Nalanda was probably stripped and annihilated by a multitude of the Mamluk Dynasty of the Muslim Delhi Sultanate under Bakhtiyar Khilji in c. 1200 CE. Who Destroyed the Nalanda University of Ancient India and why? Where Is Nalanda University. Historical Importance of Nalanda University - GeeksforGeeks Yijing, another Chinese pilgrim a generation later, also provided a minute account of the life of the monks. In ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), India, Nalanda is a prominent Buddhist monastic academy. Gopa Sabharwal, the former Vice Chancellor of Nalanda, said that one of the biggest challenges would be establishing a modern university in the 21st century while maintaining its original heritage. Hindu Press International (HPI) is a news aggregator service for Hindus and non-Hindus alike. All of the ancient Indian universities including Nalanda followed highly formalized methods of Vedic learning. historical evidence, the Nalanda University was founded by the mighty Emperor Kumaragupta of the Gupta dynasty in about 450 AD Many travelers, including the Chinese der of this university. "We believe that Aryabhata was the first to assign zero as a digit, a revolutionary concept, which simplified mathematical computations and helped evolve more complex avenues such as algebra and calculus," said Anuradha Mitra, a Kolkata-based professor of mathematics. According to his account, the Turushka-Qarluq (Turk) conquest extended from about 1193 to 1205, the destruction was systematic with Turushka soldiers razing a monastery to the ground and throwing the stones into Ganges river, states Roerich. Once enrolled, students were given free lodging, food, clothing, and education. But perhaps Nalanda's most profound and lingering legacy is its achievements in mathematics and astronomy. Abdul Kalam spoke about reviving the ancient university while addressing the Bihar State Legislative Assembly in March 2006. "The Great Stupa actually predates the university and was built in the 3rd Century CE by Emperor Ashoka. During this time, Nalanda played a crucial role in promoting the patronage of arts and academics, particularly during the 5th and 6th centuries CE, a period that has been referred to as the Golden Age of India by scholars. Real Reason of Khilji Destroying Nalanda University - FactDesk For over 600 years, Nalanda had been a beacon of learning and knowledge, drawing scholars from all over Asia to its doors. News | Written By Ananya Varma Image: @JoshiPralhad/Twitter Once revered as the world's largest education hub, the Nalanda University, demolished by the Islamic invaders in the late 12th century, is on its way to reclaiming lost glory. This is only . The Nalanda University was destroyed by a Turkish Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193 AD. This work would profoundly influence the development of mathematics and astronomy in southern India and across the Arabian Peninsula. Answers to some of the most Frequently Asked Questions about Nalanda University, the worlds first International University of Ancient India. And the stucco produced here influenced ecclesiastical art in Thailand, and metal art migrated from here to Tibet and the Malayan peninsula. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. As the foundation of Nalanda University was laid by a Gupta Emperor, this learning centre flourished from the last years of BCE until Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed it. Despite the difficulties in identifying places in Buddhist and Jaina scriptures, Scharfe claims that the current Nalanda is almost certain to be the site to which these texts refer. But Khilji was not ready for this. In addition, the University was also the source of the 400 Sanskrit texts that were carried by Yijing to China during the same period. Mughals came to like 500 years after Nalanda was destroyed. Most of the manuscripts burnt contained valuable inputs on these subjects. To quote Paul Monroes Encyclopaedia of History of Education, Volume 1 by Paul Monroe about the three multi-storey libraries and Sanskrit texts: We have already seen that I-tsing stayed for his studies at Nalanda for the long period of ten years (A. D. 675-85), during which he collected there some 400 Sanskrit texts amounting to 500,000 slokas (p.xvii). The Universitys impressive collection of books and manuscripts, as well as its reputation as a center of Buddhist learning, made it an important cultural and intellectual hub in ancient India. Nalanda is the name of an ancient university in Bihar, India. A Muslim historian provides the first piece of proof. Nalanda University is an ancient university located in the Indian state of Bihar . The second myth is about how long the university was burning. The University had been a cornerstone of learning and knowledge in India, and its destruction was a devastating blow to the countrys cultural heritage. Its new campus with state-of-the-art infrastructure, reportedly recreated in the same layout as it was in past (1193 AD), is ready to be inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi very soon. More than eight centuries after its demise, some scholars contest the widely held theory that Nalanda was destroyed because Khilji and his troops felt its teachings competed with Islam. Clarification - The Hindu "Those votive stupas contain the ashes of the Buddhist monks who had lived and died here, dedicating their entire lives to the university," she added. TrueIndicHistory.com will let you Explore the True History and Cultural Heritage of India. According to a historical source, once Bakhtiyar Khilji got very ill and the Haqims of his court were not able to cure him. We are taught that schools are our second home, well that story began long ago in Gurukul, which means Kul(family) of Guru(teacher), hence claiming that Gurukul is the family of the Guru and all the disciples are . Nalanda is described in Jain and Buddhist texts as a sacred space. He put fire on all the books and killed all the scholar monks, students, and the teachers. The Warrior Queen of Gondwana Rani Durgavati, History of Ahilyabai Holkar: The Queen of Maheshwar and Social Reformer, History of Bhagwan Parshuram, Who Defeated The Kshatriya Clan 21 Times, Bhartiya Shiksha Board: A New Education Board For Vedic Education. Nalanda University - Wikipedia Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In Tibet he started an ordination lineage of the Mulasarvastivadins to complement the two existing ones. Chart a human history that goes back 200000 years in Saudi Long Hair vs Short Hair: Discover the Best Hairstyle for Men, The Kashmir Files: A Movie every Non Kashmiri Must Watch. per adult (price varies by group size) 3 Days Enlightening tour to Bodhgaya, Rajgir and Nalanda. Nalanda Genocide 1193 - Indian Dharmic Genocide Museum The Fellowship of the university was regarded as the highest academic degree of those times. The university's visitor is the President of India. In 1202 AD, Turkic invader Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed and ransacked the Nalanda University. Faxian, also known as Fa-hsien, was a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk who visited India in search of Buddhist literature and left behind a travelogue. Express your emotions freely on Shortpedia Voices and make partners. The academic session of NU started on September 1, 2014, with then-External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj reiteratedthe Centres full ownership of NU. Required fields are marked *. This record of Minhaj-i-Siraj is not an eyewitness account, but it is an account of Samsamuddin who was with Muhammad-i Bakhtiyar Khalji, and Minhaj-i-Siraj merely summarizes it. Nalanda University was a residential seat of learning and the campus contained 10 temples, classrooms, meditation halls, monasteries, dormitories, etc. Ancient Nalanda University History of Ruins | Whizzed Net It was near the city of Rajagriha (now Rajgir) and around 90 kilometres southeast of Pataliputra, and operated from 427 to 1197 CE. In his work Tabaqat-i Nasiri, Siraj describes a loot and massacre that occurred near Bihar Sharif. Description about Nalanda University Libraries in the book Paul Monroes Encyclopaedia of History of Education, Volume 1 by Paul Monroe. Nalanda mahavihara Coordinates: 250812N 852638E Nalanda ( Nland, pronounced [nalnda]) was a renowned mahavihara ( Buddhist monastic university) in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar ), eastern India. The Ancient Indian University Which Is Taking - The Better India This article is part of JEWELS OF BHARATAM SERIES [TM] by the author. Read about our approach to external linking. Who destroyed Nalanda University. Nalanda's traditional history dates to the time of the Buddha (6th-5th centuries bce) and Mahavira, the founder of the Jaina religion. Spread over an area of14 hectares, it was a principal seat of learning from the last century of BCE till (the Turkish invasion of) 1193, attracting students from as far asTibet, China, Greece, and Persia. Nalanda was one of the many universities that were destroyed. The post-Gupta dynasty is a period after the Gupta dynasty (550 CE 600 CE), Harsha (also known as lditya in Buddhist texts) was the most important patron of the Nalanda Mahavihara after the Guptas fell out of favour. To imagine how these remains were once a renowned learning centre for thousands of students, youll have to use your imagination. The first two times, Nalanda was rebuilt by . The Nalanda University Act 2010 was passed in both the Houses of the Indian Parliament and a high degree of cooperation between the Bihar Government and the Centrethus, marked the establishment of Nalanda University in its new avatar. Killing an idea: Lessons from the destruction of Nalanda University Nalanda University's campus with state-of-the-art infrastructure,recreated in the same layout as it was in past, is ready to be inaugurated by PM Modi soon. Let us find out the reason why he had destroyed it and also study some interesting facts about Nalanda University. It is said that Rahul Shribhadra applied for medicine on some pages of the book. Why Bakhtiyar Khilji destroy ancient Nalanda University? Nalanda | History & Facts | Britannica Muammad Bakhtiyar Khalji was a Turkic invader. And the platform was the teacher's podium," said Kamla Singh, my local guide, who showed me around the ruins. The powerful 7th-century ruler of Kanauj (Kannauj), Harshavardhana, is reported to have contributed to them. Read our detailed Nalanda Blog: https://www.wbglobe.com/nalanda-university/Follow us on social media platform for amazing content and best travel deals: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wanderbharat/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/wanderbharat/Twitter: https://twitter.com/WanderBharatLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/wanderbharatBlog: https://www.wbglobe.com/blog/Video credit Video clip Author videvo Use in all projects and media. Like today's elite universities, admission was tough. The famous mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata was the head of this university. NU has now also launched a global masters programme in Hindu Studies (Santana) and has begun witnessing admissions from students from the US, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh etc on its way to restoring the glory of the past. 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"It was attacked by the Huns under Mihirkula in the 5th Century, and again sustained severe damages from an invasion of the Gauda king of Bengal, in the 8th Century.". The site of Nalanda is located in the Indian state of Bihar, about 55 miles south east of Patna, and was a Buddhist center of learning from 427 CE to 1197 CE partly under the Pala Empire. Engineering Student || Founder at Political Views on Quora || Blog: www.programmingpond.com/. I went into one of the small rooms that lined the courtyard where students from as far away as Afghanistan lived. How was Nalanda destroyed? - Quora According to Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese scholar who studied at the University of Nalanda, the university had more than 1,500 teachers and 10,000 monks to teach various subjects like Mathematics, Science, Ayurveda, Architecture, Medicine, Religion (especially Buddhism), Vedas, Philosophy, Warfare, History, Literature, and many others. including lakes and parks spread across eight compounds. This suggests that Nalandas destruction was accompanied by a widespread fire after the mid-12th century. Read About: Top 5 Ancient Universities of Indian for learning in Ancient India and their Astonishing History. The vice-chancellor is Sunaina Singh. It has been wrongly interpreted that Nalanda was only a Buddhist centre. He suggests that na-alam-da means charity without interruption, although this divide does not imply this. Numerous small shrines and votive stupas dot the paved terrace that runs around the 30m-high temple, which is adorned by beautiful stucco images in the niches of the exterior walls. The campus of Nalanda Unversity was spread over 12 hectares of land and had 8 large halls with 300 compartments. NewIndia Files on Twitter: "RT @SheetalPronamo: Why and How Nalanda The silence in Faxian record, together with the lack of any archaeological findings of pre-400 CE monuments at Nalanda, shows that Nalanda monastery-university did not exist about 400 CE. The third piece of evidence is the discovery of a thick layer of ashes and charcoal discovered during the archaeological excavations on the uppermost strata, inscribed artwork, and soil, and this layer was found over many buildings separated by some distance. Money Heist Season 5: The Grand Finale | An End or is It? Providing rich and valuable information and knowledge to thousands of Bhartiya students . The second destruction came in the early 7th century by the Gaudas. He burnt thousand of monks alive and thousands were beheaded. It is useful because Dharmasvamin met the fleeing monks and famous scholars during his studies from about the mid-1200s to 1226. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The liberal cultural and religious traditions that evolved under their reign would form the core of Nalanda's multidisciplinary academic curriculum, which blended intellectual Buddhism with a higher knowledge in different fields. The excavated Unesco site extends for 23 hectares, but is likely a mere fraction of the original campus (Credit: Dinodia Photos/Alamy). He makes no mention of any monastery or institution at Nalanda, despite the fact that he was hunting for Sanskrit writings and bringing a significant quantity of them back to China from other regions of India. He was a member of the Gupta dynasty, a Hindu dynasty. Bus Tours. This shows that Nalanda possessed a well-equipped library. The structure had been rebuilt and remodelled several times over eight centuries," said Anjali Nair, a history teacher from Mumbai, whom I had met at the site. It was a dark and stormy night in the year 1197 CE. Our car swerved past horse-drawn carriages, a mode of transport still popular in the rural reaches of the eastern Indian state of Bihar, the trotting horses and turbaned coachmen looking like shadowy apparitions in the pearly-white mist. In 2010, the Government of India passed a resolution to revive the renowned University of Nalanda. Nalanda University remained one of Asias most popular educational spots for many centuries but there was a decline in the footfall of students after the Islamic invasion. Historians consider it to be the worlds first residential university and one of the finest centres of learning in the ancient world. The first mention of the destruction of Nalanda University can be found in the writings of the Persian historian Minhaj-i-Siraj. Updates? #NalandaUniversity pic.twitter.com/2HVEbIDeNt. According to traditional Tibetan sources, the library at Nalanda University was spread over three large multi-storeyed buildings. Did Mahabharata Really Happen? The third and most destructive attack came when the ancient Nalanda University was destroyed by the Muslim army led by the Turkish leader Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193. Its faculty featured some of Mahayana Buddhisms most illustrious academics throughout the course of 750 years. The details of the university can be found in the writings of famous Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang. Nalanda university was very famous for its library. Coins, sculptures, Buddha images, inscriptions, seals, charred rice samples, terracotta jars, and other antique things are among them. He burnt thousand of monks alive and thousands were beheaded. Disclaimer: The views expressed here and/or research done are solely of the author. On becoming acquainted [with the contents of those books], it was found that the whole of that fortress and city was a college, and in theHindustani tongue, they call a college [] Vihar. Barbarian Khilji in a painting from Hutchinsons Story of the Nations. Who Destroyed The Nalanda University#facts #shorts - YouTube Hiranand Sastri, the archaeologist in charge of the ruins excavation, believes the name comes from the abundance of nlas (lotus stalks) in the area, and that Nalanda represents the giver of lotus stalks. In front of the monasteries stood a row of larger shrines, or stupas, in brick and plaster. BOOKMARK "Learned men from different cities who desire to quickly acquire renown in discussion, come here in multitudes to settle their doubts, and then the streams (of their wisdom) spread far and wide," Chinese Buddhist monk Hiuen Tsang said, on his visit to Nalanda University in the 7th century CE. Around100 lectures were arranged daily and about 1,500teachers were in charge of the estimated 8,500 students enrolled there. Now comes on the original question of who destroyed this: Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed the Nalanda University in 1202 AD. The second destruction came with an assault by the Gaudas in the early 7th century. Bhansali, Have You Shown Khiljis Gay Bond with Kafur and Gora Ripping off His Bottoms? fragments, datable from post-Gupta to Pala period, are noteworthy. To quote further, in another site of Nalanda were discovered amongst many artefacts were, 15 cm) are noteworthy. < A thousand yearsafter it was destroyed, Nalanda University to reclaim past glory. During Chag Lotsawas time, there was an incursion by Turkish soldiers that caused the remaining students to flee. The very utterance of this name will transport you to Indias ancient terrain of knowledge. This ancient cultural exchange programme helped spread and shape Buddhism across Asia. The excavations revealed a row of 10 monasteries of the traditional Indian designoblong brick structures with cells opening onto four sides of a courtyard, with a main entrance on one side and a shrine facing the entrance across the courtyard. We are taught that schools are our second home, well that st." Pranjal Sanatani on Instagram: "Gurukul: The Soul of Sanatan.!!! His account states that the destruction of Nalanda was not an accident or misunderstanding but a part of the widespread destruction of Buddhist monasteries and monuments including the destruction of Bodhgaya. The Muslim invaders ransacked and destroyed the monasteries and drove the monks from the site. "By the time Khilji invaded this sacred temple of learning, Buddhism was on an overall state of decline in India," Sharma said. His Japanese disciple, Dosho, would later introduce this doctrine to Japan, and it would spread further into the Sino-Japanese world, where it would remain as a major religion ever since. Nalanda University: The Oldest Known University Destroyed by Invaders. Acharya Rahul Sribhadra did the treatment of Khilji and saved his life. Why Everyone Should Start Buying Electrical Vehicles and How it Will Impact Economy . Nalanda continued to flourish as a centre of learning under the Pala dynasty (8th12th centuries), and it became a centre of religious sculpture in stone and bronze. This indicates that a human community existed in the Magadha area near Nalanda hundreds of years before the Mahavira and Buddha were born. Your email address will not be published. The establishment of this new institution is seen as a way to honor the legacy of the ancient University of Nalanda, and to continue its tradition of promoting learning and knowledge. 10Odisha Dishes For The Foodie That You Are. Providing rich and valuable information and knowledge to thousands of Bhartiya students and students from all over Asia- Tibet, China, Korea, Vietnam, etc.- to study at this prestigious institution. Well, they are Muslims after all, how come they do something good. Abdul Kalam came up with the idea of reviving the ancient Nalanda University while addressing the Bihar Legislative Assembly.
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