why was the reign of terror justifiedwhy was the reign of terror justified

How did the four convention representatives re-establish order in Bordeaux? On 5 October 1793, the Convention decided to abolish all religious holidays and created a new non-religious calendar. What were the results of the Reign of Terror? INTRODUCTION. Corrections? The peasants paid tithe to Church, feudal dues to their landlords, and taxes to the State. Reign of Terror, also called the Terror, French La Terreur, period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor, year II). 1789 What was the purpose of the French Rev. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. During the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre and the Girondins used the powers of the Committee of Public Safety to execute around 17,000 suspected 'counter-revolutionaries' and imprison many more. Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free. The population of Vendee was outraged once again. On the same day, he was executed, along with 21 of his closest associates. Describe the political differences between the Girondins and the Jacobins. 31115 Period 2 Was the Reign Of Terror Justified? 1. As many as 23,000 more were killed without trial or died in prison. What was their purpose, and what were their effects?Also known simply as 'The Terror', the Reign of Terror was incited. In June of 1789 King Louis called the Estates Meeting to discuss taxes and money problems. This period of the time had many executions, which the government sought out to reduce their problems. The first reason why the Reign of Terror was justified is that it brought a democracy to the French people; A democracy that had freed the French people from a monarchy that was going to destroy the common folk by crushing them with starvation, tensions between the common folk, nobles , and the church. The letter from the Vendee to the National Convention expressed that the government was losing poorly to the rebels. Soon, the Bastille was stormed and the monarchy eliminated. Powell, B. In the provinces, representatives on mission and surveillance committees instituted local terrors. The Justification of the Reign of Terror During the - GradesFixer The effects of the Terror were devastating to France. They treated the dead as heads and bodies of simple animals rather than thinking of them as once humans. There was a sense of emergency among leading politicians in France in the summer of 1793 between the widespread civil war and counter-revolution. Retelling Stories, Framing Culture: Traditional Story and Metanarratives in Childrens Literature. Its 100% free. Morford, M. P. O., & Lenardon, R. J. 5 6 January 2016 Was the Reign of Terror Justified? 2. An excellent example in the French Revolution is the overthrow of the Constitutional Monarch on August 1792 and the creation of the First French Republic. The Reign of Terror was not justified for three reasons:The external and internal threat did not deserve it, they denied natural rights against people who opposed them and the methods of the Terror were too extreme. D. First, the external threat involved many foreigners, The Reign of Terror was a time when many people were getting executed by the guillotine for even the smallest of reasons. Maximilien Robespierre, the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, introduced new legislation and expressed his ideals in a series of speeches. Imagine having one dominant monarch commanding what one shall do, eat, and make everyone pay high taxes. Robespierre differentiated a revolutionary government from a constitutional government, saying, It has nothing in common with arbitrary rule; it is public interest that governs it and not the whims of private individuals (Hanson 170). Less than three years later, that same Robespierre presided over the Reign of Terror, a bloody phase of the French Revolution (1789-1799) in which thousands of citizens were executed by guillotine. How did the Revolutionaries refer to the peasant fighters? The Reign of Terror, also called the Terror, was a period of state-sanctioned violence and mass executions during the French Revolution. Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York, 1999), p. 844. Keep in mind: This sample was shared by another student. They also abolished monarchy, which was the form of government that most of France wanted, so the National Assembly werent applying to the demands of the majority. The Reign of Terror also prompted a royalist reaction in the form of the White Terror and the increased unrest led to the formation of the French Directory. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. The Reign of Terror increased unrest in France and turned the National Assembly against Robespierre and the Girondins, leading to Robespierre's downfall in the Thermidorian Reaction. Also, governments got overturned because people didnt want an absolute monarchy., The French Revolution demonstrated that the magnitude of violence is probable to be larger after the first incident of revolution. 5. Professional writers that guarantee an on-time delivery. These speeches touched on the nature of public virtue and theory of revolutionary government. Pearson. Describe the differences between the Montagnards and the Girondins' views on the way the country had to be governed. What were the causes of the Reign of Terror? Edinger, R. E. (1994). Was the Reign of Terror Justified? - CGAA By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. Within the times of the National Assemblys control the have created the Declaration of Rights of Man, created to ensure the peoples rights, but made loopholes. We will occasionally send you account related emails. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A pro-Convention city council and local surveillance committees (committees that operated during the Reign of Terror) were founded, making it safe for the representatives to enter the city. So, what happened during the Terror? He was thought to be protecting the French Revolution by creating this. The weakness of governments impacted the French Revolution and Napoleons reforms. Guided Essay: The Reign of Terror: Was It Justified? I. Form a new government in France Who was the absolute monarch of France in 1789 Louis XVI Why Is The Reign Of Terror Justified The Reign of Terror was a moment in french history that began in 1793 and ended a year later in 1794. During the Reign of Terror, about 40,000 people were guillotined because of Maximilien Robespierre. Girondins: the Girondins were never a formal club but an informal alliance, centred around deputies from the southwestern Gironde region (of which Bourdeaux is still the capital). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The Committee of Public safety formed to protect the newly formed republic from outside attacks and internal conflicts. The Gods of the Greeks. Robespierre justified his beliefs by saying stuff like: To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is barbarity., Not only was the Reign of Terror a big part of the French Revolution but it was a very unjustified event, creating sins among the people. Because Robespierre executed anyone who expressed an opinion that lead him to believe they were a traitor, the citizens lacked freedom of speech, their opinions, and even their property. Prior to the French Revolutions Reign of Terror (179394), France was governed by the National Convention. Notable revolts took place in the Vende and Lyon in 1793. The Reign of Terror was a moment in french history that began in 1793 and ended a year later in 1794. These ideas did no harm; they were beneficial and very true., The Reign of Terror began because of the growing suspicion of common people supporting the nobles, and the monarchy. In essence, The Reign of Terror, depending on the perspective can be justified, unjustified, or even mostly justified. What once started as a start to a new government led to an unexpected ruling of Maximilien Robespierre. Why did the revolutionary government approve so many killings? They did not accept the literal interpretation of the Bible, as any miracle would be perceived as a superstition. They would cut the heads of criminals and even innocent without trial. Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton, and Jean-Paul Marat. The Reign of Terror, led by Robespierre, was a frightening period during the French Revolution that occurred to bring liberty, property, and equality to the citizens of France so they could live in peace within the government. In July 1794 Robespierre was arrested and executed as were many of his fellow Jacobins, thereby ending the Reign of Terror, which was succeeded by the Thermidorian Reaction. In response, on 18 March 1793, the Convention issued the death penalty for anyone supporting the views of the Enrags. Killing 40,000 people by the guillotine can never be jus defied (Doc F). Was The Reign Of Terror Justified Analysis - 233 Words - StudyMode People may wonder if the Reign of Terror was even justifiable, stating that the French Revolution would have gone through successfully without it, but in all actuality the Reign of Terror was justified by Frances internal and external conflicts along with newer humane methods of ending peoples lives. This caused Corday to be called to an execution. The Reign of Terror was just like how its name sounded; terrifying. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. By forcing juries to either acquit or sentence the accused to death, the number of executions rose sharply. The Girondins also believed in a free market; thus, being against the imposition of price controls on consumer goods. The Reign Of Terror - 1220 Words | Internet Public Library This shows in the lines, Social protection is due only to peaceful citizens., and The royalists [ those that favor monarchy ], the conspirators are, in the eye, only strangers or, rather enemies Are not the enemies within, the allies of these without?, 100% customized to your need with expert writers. Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. During that time, the Revolution was in extreme debt, due to wars. Furthermore, the National Assembly was known to be made up of Jacobins. Why was the Reign of Terror not justified? | Homework.Study.com As historian Noelle Plack put it: While on paper asking clerics to take an oath of fidelity to the nation, the law, the king, and the new Revolutionary constitution may have seemed relatively benign, in reality it became a referendum on whether ones first loyalties were to Catholicism or to the Revolution.1. The Declaration created a real fear of invasion and a sense that outside forces were meddling in French affairs. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sans-culottes: literally 'without breeches', this is a term used to describe working-class revolutionaries, so-called because they were stereotyped as wearing more practical trousers rather than knee-breeches. The reign of Terror was a violent and savage part of the French Revolution. These months were very gruesome for the people of france and many families, to where no one felt safe. In 1795, it led to the royalist White Terror and the creation of the French Directory to restore order. Cult of the Supreme Being: a religion of 'reason' created by Robespierre based on Enlightenment values. The first tangible rejection of Catholicism came with the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, issued on 12 July 1790. It was on these tenets that the revolution began and ironically only four years later a man of great strength would take control of France and begin the Reign of Terror, this man was Maximilien Robespierre. They started to take power and overthrow much of Europe. The date of the First French Republic's establishment in 1792 became Year I. Reason #3: Restatement of the Question: The Reign of Terror: Was it Justified? It undermined the necessity of strict wartime measures and the legitimacy of the Revolutionary Government, which had justified extreme measures as necessary to resist foreign powers. Robespierre began the reign of terror the moment the french king, Louis XIV, was guillotined. (Doc. French Revolution Dbq Essay 326 Words | 2 Pages. The guillotine began very popular through these months, becoming the number one way of killing. 1. Ultimately, the Thermidorian reaction and the fall of Robespierre brought an end to the Terror and the beginning of the White Terror. Carried it mockingly, upside down on a cart, offering it to passers-by to spit on(59). Such a stance can be contrasted to the leftist Montagnards, who supported a strong executive instead. In June of 1789 King Louis called the Estates Meeting to discuss taxes and money problems. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Reign of Terror, also called the Terror, French La Terreur, period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor, year II). These murders were sins, killed without reason or trial making the Reign of Terror unjustified., At the start of the French Revolution in 1789, the revolutionaries who felt the monarchy was tyrannical exclaimed the timeless words of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. Eventually, even Robespierre's former allies turned against him during the Thermidorian Reaction as he himself turned against his fellow Jacobins and Montagnards. Such an abrupt reversal of opinions in such a short (albeit chaotic) period of time is certainly interesting, especially when the subject is one as puritanically self-righteous as Robespierre. In the spring of 1794, it eliminated its enemies to the left (the Hbertists) and to the right (the Indulgents, or followers of Georges Danton). Once these foreign and domestic threats were in check in the spring of 1794, Terror continued in the direction of, The Reign of Terror: Was It Justified? The Reign of Terror was a period of mass execution in France between 1793 and 1794, carried out by the Committee of Public Safety against anyone suspected of 'counter-revolutionary' ideas. Examining the Reign of Terror: Understanding its Unjustifiability Many people were arrested and executed without trial, and others were simply killed in the street. A). Why were the Vendean peasant fighters referred to as royalist Vendees? The Reign of Terror (AKA The Terror) was a period during the French Revolution that was filled with violence which lasted from June 1793-July 1794. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. What is a summary of the Reign of Terror? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 7 Pages Open Document Essay Sample Check Writing Quality Check Writing Quality The Justification of the Reign Of Terror Threatening to end the French Revolution. The Committees increasingly extreme stance did nothing to curb counter-revolutionary sentiment around France. Evidence was rarely needed to prove that the citizen was against the revolution; suspicion was enough to classify someone as the enemy. Essay On Why The Reign Of Terror Is Not Justified Dbq The Blues supported the Republicans, while the Blancs supported the monarchy and the Church. The Reign of Terror, also known as The Terror, was a period of time during the French Revolution when the government enacted a series of repressive measures to control the populace. Such a stance can be contrasted to the leftist Jacobins, who supported a strong executive instead. It focus on the political, cultural and social conditions at the time of the Black Death. How would you like to learn this content? An excellent example in the French Revolution is the overthrow of the Constitutional Monarch on August 1792 and the creation of the First French Republic. The founders of the revolution had to instill fear to ensure that the government wouldn't revert back what once, A. The need for Terror was increased by the constant pressure on the Convention from ultra-revolutionary groups. Ensuing the creation of the Republic, the amount of violence escalated as the Republican regime looked to crush counter-revolutionary actions in France while straining at the same time to avoid defeat in war by the accumulated forces of Austria, Prussia, and Britain. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Thus leading to the reign of terror and later his own death by the people., The Reign of Terror began because of the growing suspicion of common people supporting the nobles, and the monarchy. A perfect summary so you can easily remember everything. The national assembly created The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens to give all citizens the same rights: liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression (Doc. He was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, the executive committee of the National Convention, and the most powerful man in France (History Wiz). It was on these tenets that the revolution began and ironically only four years later a man of great strength would take control of France and begin the Reign of Terror, this man was Maximilien Robespierre. Many became utterly disillusioned with the Revolution and even called for a return to the monarchy. This mark in French history had to occur in order to show the nobles and the monarchs that they ( the people) weren't going back to the old society, where they had no say and were under unruly law. Indeed, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, the president of the National Convention, who would become known as the Archangel of the Terror, defended the use of violence: That which produces the general good is always terrible, or it seems utterly strange when it is begun too early. The Church was criticised for its corrupt and wealthy nature. 27 Jun 2023 14:40:48 Create and find flashcards in record time. 1. He turned on the Girondins. To unify and protect France against internal and external threats. As one group claiming freedom or independence seeks to eliminate one or more other rival groups also claiming sovereignty. Which of these French political groups was most involved in carrying out the violence of the Reign of Terror? Blog. In September 1793 to July 1794, the Reign of Terror killed over 40,000 people in France using the guillotine a machine that made it a simple way to execute a mass amount of people. The people were bound to their homes in fear of being accused of committing an offence, leading to arrest or death. The revolution also lead to the reign of Napoleon, which gave the people a strong, military leader. To prevent this, the next day the members of the National Convention shouted him down and decreed his arrest. Subsequently, the rate of executions increased sharply and at least 1300 people were executed in June 1794 alone. Jacobins were radicals concerned that the aristocracy and other counter-revolutionaries would do anything to reverse the gains of the Revolution. This caused a falling-out between Robespierre and his former ally and popular Jacobin leader, Georges Danton, who renounced the use of political violence. Robespierre insisted that Danton was in the pay of a foreign power, likely Great Britain. This book is [], Writing in Italy during the 14th century, Boccaccio is caught in the historical dichotomy between the blind adherence to the Church that permeated the Middle Ages and the emerging Humanism that characterized the Renaissance. Updates? Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The purpose of the Terror was to maintain French unity. On 10 March 1793, the Revolutionary Tribunal was created in order to judge the actions of perceived enemies of the Revolution. This mark in French history had to occur in order to show the nobles and the monarchs that they ( the people) weren't going back to the old society, where they had no say and were under unruly law. About 300,000 people were arrested, and 17,000 of them were tried and executed. Noelle Plack, 'Challenges in the Countryside, 17902', in David Andress (ed.). These hateful and vengeful acts led to an outburst of fear amongst the french people. The people then went against the churches abolishing holidays which were important to many people and their beliefs. Before the Reign of Terror, the King and Queen of France were found guilty, by Robespierre, of being traitors by trying to go to Austria to get an army against the rebels. The Convention thought that they could force everyone to comply with their vision of revolutionary government through terroristic methods. National Convention: a unicameral (one house only) parliament that governed France from August 1792 to October 1795. Such is the aim of the revolutionary system that you have enacted. Then some men disliked what Louis was talking about so they stormed out and filed into a tennis court, and vowed not to leave until they created a new constitution. Who supported the Girondins in the Provinces? The Reign of Terror, which lasted from 1793 to 1794, was not justified by many people because of the number of executions without a fair trial. They additionally unleashed the bloody Reign of Terror (la Terreur), a 10-month measurement in which suspected enemies of the revolution have been guillotined via ability of way of way of the thousands. What was the last battle during which the Vendean forces were defeated? In fact, The Reign of Terror was not justified because: The methods of the disaster were too extreme, the peasants and lower class citizens were not treated as well as the clergy, and it took away the citizens freedom. The Reign of Terror could be justified. Many people were killed at this time, like the French people that did not support the revolution were executed at the guillotine. On August 26 The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen was signed and put into action. (2011). 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