Stroke. 2005, 90: 3491-7. Joint Bone Spine. J Bone Miner Res. We followed Rousset and Stordeur (1994) and Zhou et al. doi: 10.2196/44593. TGF released from bone during active bone resorption has been suggested as a feedback mechanism by upregulating OPG level. whitmani (from the state of Bahia, Brazil) and Pa. shannoni (from Colombia) (Ono et al. molecular evidence collocation | meaning and examples of use 10.1172/JCI200523394. Molecules that regulate osteoclastogenesis are key factors in many immunological functions. Numerous proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and a shift towards an activated immune profile has been hypothesized as important risk factor. molecular adjective uk / mlek.j.l r/ us / mlek.j.l / Both the haplotype network (Supp Fig. Parenthetic numbers display the number of mutational steps between haplotypes. Bio112 Lab3.docx - BIO 112 Lab 3: Protists Introduction BIO 112 Lab 3 1 .docx - BIO 112 Lab 3: Protists - Course Hero [6] This meaning is retained in many of the plant's common names in different languages,[7] such as lice-bane in English, matapiojos in Spanish, bit otu in Turkish. 4 [online only]) of 16S did not show precise clades below the supergroup level. Here, we used a PCR-based approach for 16S RNA and wsp genes to investigate the prevalence, geographical distribution, and strains of Wolbachia in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the main vectors of the causative agents of leishmaniasis, from three biomes in Brazil: Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga. Takayanagi H, Ogasawara K, Hida S, Chiba T, Murata S, Sato K, Takaoka A, Yokochi T, Oda H, Tanaka K, Nakamura K, Taniguchi T: T-cell-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-gamma. intermedia) (Table 1). Although osteoporosis is not typically considered an immunological disorder, recent data have indicated overlapping pathways between bone biology and biology of inflammation [2325]. J Clin Invest. [16], Introduced into homeopathy by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, Leipzig, 1817.[17]. Leung DY, Geha RS: Clinical and immunologic aspects of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. An epidemiologic study enrolled 100 hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal cancer and 200 hospitalized patients without oropharyngeal cancer. 2005, 26: 79-84. Molecular 'hub' regulates gene-silencing proteins. However, the interpretation of the formula remains uncertain. Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of species limits in the great speciator white-eye genus Zosterops Authors: Bryan T. M. Lim Keren Sadanandan Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. 10.1002/bies.10352. BIO 112 Lab 3.docx - BIO 112 Lab 3: Protists Introduction - Course Hero Even though we suspect the DNA from Wolbachia of Ps. Immun Ageing 2, 14 (2005). We confirmed the identity of our sequences when they matched to sequences assigned as Wolbachia pipientis in the NCBI website (National Center for Biotechnology Information) using the algorithm BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) (Boratyn et al. Key points: Evidence for evolution comes from many different areas of biology: Anatomy. 2009) that ultimately could lead to pseudogenization (e.g., Morrow et al. intermedia and Ny. The development of molecular techniques has empowered us to unscramble the fungal diversity comprised in the symbiosis and has facilitated us to overcome the difficulties associated with the conventional . Samplings occurred in open areas (forest fragments or peridomicile), excepting in the municipality of Baro de Graja (Caatinga), where sand flies were collected inside a natural cave locally known as Boca do Inferno (Hell's Mouth). Armour KJ, Armour KE, van't Hof RJ, Reid DM, Wei XQ, Liew FY, Ralston SH: Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway contributes to inflammation-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone formation and causing osteoblast apoptosis. HPV-16 DNA was detected in 72% (95% CI, 62 to 81) of 100 paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, and 64% of patients with cancer were seropositive for the HPV-16 oncoprotein E6, E7, or both. Bultink IE, Lems WF, Kostense PJ, Dijkmans BA, Voskuyl AE: Prevalence of and risk factors for low bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The supergroup attribution of the Wolbachia DNA of one individual from Ps. The numbers of positive individuals for each biome and their supergroup (s) are highlighted in bold. National Library of Medicine 150. Siggelkow H, Eidner T, Lehmann G, Viereck V, Raddarz D, Munzel U, Hein G, Hufner M: Cytokines, osteoprotegerin, and RANKL in vitro and histomorphometric indices of bone turnover in patients with different bone diseases. 2004, 1: 152-164. Gut. flaviscutellata to 95.4% in Mi. whitmani has a wide environmental tolerance (Reblo et al. Observational and molecular studies suggest fibroadenomas can transform into phyllodes tumours. Moreover, the increased catabolic signal, driven by inflammation also in the absence of clinically diagnosable inflammatory diseases [44], could be able to induce osteoblast apoptosis [48], as well as apoptosis of muscle cells, leading to age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia respectively. 2017), we show evidence of wLeva occurring in, at least, three more species: Mg. rabelloi, Pr. 2023 Apr 27;14:1146322. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146322. 10.1172/JCI200317215. Gonalves, D. da S., I. Iturbe-Ormaetxe, A. Martins-Da-Silva, E. L. Telleria, M. N. Rocha, Y. M. Traub-Csek, S. L. ONeill, M. R. V. SantAnna, and L. A. Moreira. 2007 Sep 13;357(11):1156-7; author reply 1157-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc071583. Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of - Home - Springer Bone. Delmas PD: Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cells. A temporal link between inflammation and osteoporosis also emerges in conditions such as ageing, menopause, pregnancy, transplantation and steroid administration. Muller B: Cytokine imbalance in non immunological chronic disease. Epub 2014 May 10. Manolagas SC, Jilka RL: Bone marrow, cytokines, and bone remodeling. Article PMC IL-1 is another potent stimulator of bone resorption [29] that has been linked to the accelerated bone loss seen in idiopathic and postmenopausal osteoporosis [30]. peresi. whitmani, both vectors of L. braziliensis and widespread in Brazil (Rangel et al. Maroli, M., M. D. Feliciangeli, L. Bichaud, R. N. Charrel, and L. Gradoni. Similar anatomy found in different species may be homologous (shared due to ancestry) or analogous (shared due to similar selective pressures). An association between circulating high sensitive (hs)CRP level and bone mineral density has been observed in several immune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in healthy individuals, suggesting a relationship between subclinical systemic inflammation and osteoporosis [19]. 1995a, Bandi et al. On the other hand, this semi-isolation may favor horizontal transmission as sand flies larvae can feed on debris of infected conspecifics or other arthropod hosts laying on the ground, given that Wolbachia may be viable up to about seven days outside a host cell (Rasgon et al. The supergroup A occurred in all biomes, with a higher prevalence in Cerrado (95.3%) and Caatinga (100%, although only one species was sampled in this biome), and a lower prevalence in Amazon (37.5%). PubMed Central IL-1 and IL-6 also directly enhance osteoclast activity by RANKL-independent mechanisms. However, we were unable to assess pseudogenization for the wsp sequences from Mg. rabelloi, Pr. Moschen AR, Kaser A, Enrich B, Ludwiczek O, Gabriel M, Obrist P, Wolf AM, Tilg H: RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss. Molecular genetic testing and the future of clinical genomics | Nature In support of this hypothesis it has been demonstrated that certain IL-6 polymorphisms are able to influence the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [49]. n.(Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) da regio do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de So Paulo, Brasil, New Wolbachia supergroups detected in quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae), Wolbachia introduction into Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) cell lines and its effects on immune-related gene expression and interaction with Leishmania infantum, Environmental and genetic contributions to imperfect wMel-Like wolbachia transmission and frequency variation, BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT, Wolbachia and virus protection in insects, High-resolution melting technology: a new tool for studying the Wolbachia endosymbiont diversity in the field, MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees, Long PCR improves Wolbachia DNA amplification: wsp sequences found in 76% of sixty-three arthropod species, The rate of recombination in Wolbachia bacteria, The spread of Wolbachia through mosquito populations, Maternal transmission of Wolbachia in Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), Diversity of Wolbachia endosymbionts in heteropteran bugs, A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences, Maternal transmission efficiency of Wolbachia superinfections in Aedes albopictus populations in Thailand, Distribution and diversity of Wolbachia infections in Southeast Asian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), Horizontal gene transfer between Wolbachia and the mosquito Aedes aegypti, MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets, Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. 10.1002/art.21110. Accumulating evidence suggests that green tea polyphenols confer protective effects on the skin against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced acceleration of skin aging, involving antimelanogenic, antiwrinkle, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects as well as prevention of immunosuppression. 2000, 408: 535-6. The plant was to be crushed and mixed with water, then sprinkled around the house. Bone can thus be viewed as a mobilizable reservoir of calcium and phosphate as salts. For detecting Wolbachia DNA, we amplified fragments of two genes using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): the 16S rRNA gene (438 bp, base pairs) according to Werren and Windsor (2000); and the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp, ~600 bp) according to Braig et al. Hak AE, Pols HA, van Hemert AM, Hofman A, Witteman JC: Progression of aortic calcification is associated with metacarpal bone loss during menopause: a population-based longitudinal study. davisi), while supergroup A could be more associated with species from Cerradono pattern can be assumed for Caatinga due to the poor sampling in this biome (only one species sampled at one site). These phenotypes encourage researches on using Wolbachia to reduce the incidence of diseases caused by parasites transmitted by arthropods. Osteoporosis is currently attributed to various endocrine, metabolic and mechanical factors. However, the constant activity of T cells fighting the universe of antigens to which we are exposed does not usually cause extensive bone loss. 2001, De Oliveira et al. v t e Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Moreira, L. A., I. Iturbe-Ormaetxe, J. The sample size for each biome is delimited by parentheses. Calcif Tissue Int. The present article will review the current perspectives on the interaction between bone and immune system in the elderly, providing an interpretation of osteoporosis in the light of inflamm-ageing. volume2, Articlenumber:14 (2005) Genetic abnormalities in both the stromal and epithelial components of fibroadenomas suggest the epithelium is potentially neoplastic. 10.1007/s00223-002-1049-y. 2002, 30: 340-6. Solved Post Assessment Although the bryozoans and | Chegg.com Fleury, F., F. Vavre, N. Ris, P. Fouillet, and M. Boultreau. Evidence for evolution (article) | Khan Academy 2008). complexus) suggest its 16S gene underwent either homolog recombination or LGT. RANKL binding to the RANK expressed on haematopoietic progenitors activates a signal transduction cascade that leads to osteoclast differentiation. Department of Internal Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy, Lia Ginaldi,Maria Cristina Di Benedetto&Massimo De Martinis, You can also search for this author in We assume wComp represents a putative new strain because its genetic divergence from Se. Entomol. Molecular evidence suggests a role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer. 1861, No. 2010, Vivero et al. Calciotropic factors such as vitamin D3, PGE2, IL-1, IL-11, TNF- and glucocorticoid induce RANKL expression on osteoblasts [36]. Emerging insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. ast1003 | Molecular evidence for evolution 3: What is 'molecular evidence'? 1b; Supp Table 1 [online only]). intermedia (Lutz and Neiva), both vectors of Leishmania braziliensis (causative agent of Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis); Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) (vector of L. infantum chagasi); Ps. Annapoorna N, Rao GV, Reddy NS, Rambabu P, Rao KR: An increased risk of osteoporosis during acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Solved 50) Molecular evidence suggests that fungi A) Are a - Get 24/7 Eghbali-Fatourechi G, Khosla S, Sanyal A, Boyle WJ, Lacey DL, Riggs BL: Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. Maturitas. Species previously implicated as Wolbachia hosts were also positive, such as Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho) and Ny. In addition to Se. Bruunsgaard H, Pedersen BK: Age-related inflammatory cytokines and disease. Conspecific populations also showed variable prevalences (e.g., in Lu longipalpis ranging from 8.3% in So Lus, to 60% in Barreirinhas, Table 2). 2002, 18: 334-339. aspectos epidemiolgicos, clnico-evolutivos, Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia in Collembola, Widespread lateral gene transfer from intracellular bacteria to multicellular eukaryotes, Physiological cost induced by the maternally-transmitted endosymbiont Wolbachia in the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma, Wolbachia-induced unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility and the stability of infection polymorphism in parapatric host populations. PubMed davisi since the DNA sequences show indeterminate nucleotides, preventing to determinate the correct reading frame in order to obtain the reliable translation. intermedia and Ny. Clinical observations reveal coincidence of systemic osteoporosis with period of systemic inflammation as well as co-localization of regional osteoporosis with areas of regional inflammation [2]. Franceschi C, Bonaf M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M, Ottaviani E, De Benedictis G: Inflamm-ageing. Supergroups A and B are the most frequent among the 1516 genetically-defined supergroups (denoted AQ), holding most of the hosts and strains (Werren et al. complexus) is evolutionarily close to a sequence of the Eurasian sand fly Sergentomyia minuta, from France (Matsumoto et al. As we cannot rule out the possibility of recombination in wsp-based strains (Malloch and Fenton 2005), further characterization of wPere is needed. The inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) is also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Glowska, E., A. Dragun-Damian, M. Dabert, and M. Gerth. Plants, fungi, and animals evolved from protist ancestors. 10.1210/jc.2002-020092. 1995, 332: 305-11. 2015) or a low prevalence (e.g., da Rocha et al. Choti, and Ps. This prevalence of superinfections would be lower compared with other hosts (e.g., Werren et al. CAS Inflamm-ageing may, at least partially, be a common mechanism for the development of lower bone mass and other age-related disorders [41, 42]. Article We extracted total DNA from individual sand flies according to Michalsky (2002). PubMed Only Lu. Disclaimer. 2010, De Oliveira et al. da Rocha, N. O., S. M. Lambert, A. G. Dias-Lima, F. S. Julio, and B. M. P. S. Souza. 2016 Jan;42:24-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.10.009. Although delphinine is the major alkaloidal constituent of D. staphisagria seeds, several other related diterpenoid alkaloids have been isolated from them as well. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. However, these data are keen for further investigating whether the interaction between Wolbachia and sand flies might underpin potential strategies to reduce the transmission of Leishmania spp. Some vector species that previously tested negative for Wolbachia DNA, like Lu. Maud Grieve, in her famous Herbal, written in 1931, refers to stavesacre as being a "vermifuge" and "vermin-destroying", as well as to its parasiticidal properties. Our sequences from Ny. 10.1210/jc.86.5.2032. MeSH 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00162-3. Search for other works by this author on: Longicorn beetle that vectors pinewood nematode carries many Wolbachia genes on an autosome, The wMel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of Zika virus by Aedes aegypti, Lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by Wolbachia and an exotic Leishmania species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Widespread recombination throughout Wolbachia genomes, Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies, Phylogeny of Wolbachia in filarial nematodes, Host-specific Wolbachia strains in widespread populations of Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), and prospects for driving genes into these vectors of Leishmania, BLAST: a more efficient report with usability improvements, Three strains of Wolbachia pipientis and high rates of infection in Iranian sandfly species, Discovery of a novel Wolbachia supergroup in isoptera, Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the major surface protein of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, The dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis in urban areas, Estado atual da leishmaniose cutnea difusa (LCD) no Estado do Maranho: II. We chose 16S and wsp since they represent most of the sequences of Wolbachia in the public databases. 2 and 3; Supp Table 4 [online only]). Interpreting sparsely documented genetic mutations lacking evidence in co-morbidity has been challenging since the outset of molecular diagnostics, relying historically on the segregation patterns . The interspecific prevalence variation in our sample may result from differences in biological and/or ecological features among species, leading to different patterns of association with Wolbachia (unequal sample sizes must be considered), as shown for other host groups (e.g., Kikuchi and Fukatsu 2003, Kittayapong et al. Also, we recorded seven species as putative new hosts of Wolbachia, including vectors of Leishmania spp., and show that supergroups A and B may be unevenly distributed across the biomes, where we propose the existence of two new putative strains. Yang Z, Sun P, Dahlstrom KR, Gross N, Li G. BMC Cancer. As a positive amplification of wsp or ftsZ could result from pseudogenes integrated into the sand fly genome (i.e., LGTLateral Gene Transmission), we translated our nucleotide sequences to amino acids using the online software Sequence Manipulation Suite v2 (Stothard 2000) and bacterial DNA as the standard genetic code. Bone loss in RA occurs both in the joints and throughout the skeleton as a result of the release of proteinases (metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-), which are responsible for cartilage and bone destruction. eCollection 2023. 2 and 3) at 0.20.5% of genetic divergence (Table 2). 6 . Those findings increase the basic knowledge about Wolbachia in South American sand flies and might foster further researches on its use to reduce the transmission of sand fly-borne parasites. A fossilized leg bone bearing cut marks made by stone tools might be the earliest evidence that ancient humans butchered and ate each other's flesh. Solved 1. Molecular evidence suggests that ______. (a) - Chegg - Get 24 2002, 44: 49-54. 2003, 23: 15-39. 10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00326-8. Intriguingly, RANKL/RANK interactions also regulate T cell/dendritic cell communication, dendritic cell survival and lymphnode formation [35]. A molecular scenario of immune regulated bone loss Although osteoporosis is not typically considered an immunological disorder, recent data have indicated overlapping pathways between bone biology and biology of inflammation [ 23 - 25 ]. Google Scholar. PubMed Central Associations between atherosclerosis and osteopenia have been well documented [46, 47]. Cookies policy. 2001, De Oliveira et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018) with no occurrence reported for the Amazon, where most wLeva hosts reside. Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): classification, morphology and terminology of adults and identification of American Taxa, Brazilian Sand Flies Biol. Costa, J. M. L., A. C. R. Saldanha, A. C. de M. e Silva, A. Serra Neto, C. E. S. Galvo, C. de M. P. e Silva, and A. R. da Silva. Senility is in fact notable for acceleration of diseases that are increasingly attributed to inflammation, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and asthma [21, 43, 44]. 10.1210/er.23.1.90. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. 8600 Rockville Pike This cytokine is involved in the pathogenesis of various metabolic bone diseases, including postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease and osteoporosis associated with heamtologic malignancies [28]. 50) Molecular evidence suggests that fungi A) Are a distant relative of early nonvascular plants B) Are a unique phyla separate from both plants and animals C) Share a common ancestor with animals D) Are a polyphyletic group with organisms related to both plants and animals 30) are preventative preparations that first went into effect in the lat.
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