When looking at the overall recall, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE and either Google Scholar or Web of Science could be regarded sufficient with 96% recall. The information entered for each journal article citation in MEDLINE includes: Indexers also provide additional information about an article's content by adding check tags, publication types, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to each record in the database. Google Scholar. a literature review. Some concluded that searching only one database can be sufficient as searching other databases has no effect on the outcome [16, 17]. The .gov means its official. 7 day access to Embase.com (limited 4 subscription purchases a year) Search > 32 million abstracts and indexes. The Medline database from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) contains more than 12 million bibliographic citations from over 4,600 international biomedical journals. Google Scholar. Most reviews did not limit to certain study designs, 9% limited to RCTs only, and another 9% limited to other study types. Retrieval of entries using queries with keywords is useful for human users that need to obtain small selections. Additionally, search strategies are limited to a maximum of 256 characters, which means that creating a thorough search strategy can be laborious. MEDLINE was the most likely to be among consulted resources compared to any other information resource other than journals. In the top bar, we present the results of the complete database searches relative to the total number of included references. Those databases that contributed the most unique included references were then considered candidate databases to determine the most optimal combination of databases in the further analyses. [11][12][13] Most systematic review articles published presently build on extensive searches of MEDLINE to identify articles that might be useful in the review. PubMed Other specialized databases, such as CINAHL or PsycINFO, add unique references to some reviews where the topic of the review is related to the focus of the database. While previous studies determined the coverage of databases, we analyzed the actual retrieval from the original searches for systematic reviews. Unlike using a typical Internet search engine, PubMed searching of MEDLINE requires a little investment of time. MeSH (used in MEDLINE) is the controlled vocabulary thesaurus of the National Library of Medicine and consists of sets of terms naming descriptors in a hierarchical structure. We documented the department of the first author. The third key database we identified in this research, Web of Science, is only mentioned as a citation index in the Cochrane Handbook, not as a bibliographic database. Because these studies based on retrospective analysis of database coverage do not account for the searchers abilities, the actual findings from the searches performed, and the indexing for particular articles, their conclusions lack immediate translatability into practice. Support Nursing Research Nurses, nursing students, researchers, medical librarians, and nurse educators depend on EBSCO's databases for a comprehensive collection of evidence-based medical literature from reliable sources. Beckles Z, Glover S, Ashe J, Stockton S, Boynton J, Lai R, Alderson P. Searching CINAHL did not add value to clinical questions posed in NICE guidelines. For a sample of 200 recently published systematic reviews, we calculated how many had used enough databases to ensure 95% recall. How do primary care physicians seek answers to clinical questions? Using similar calculations, also shown in Table5, we estimated the probability that 100% of relevant references were retrieved is 23%. Disclaimer. Health Inf Libr J. In 12 reviews (52%), Scopus retrieved 100% of all included references retrieved by Embase or Web of Science. PubMed was launched in 1996 and, since June 1997, provides free and unlimited access for all users through the internet. Springer Nature. Also, while the Scopus and Web of Science assumptions we made might be true for coverage, they are likely very different when looking at recall, as Scopus does not allow the use of the full features of a thesaurus. We calculated the ratio between the number of results found when searching all databases, including databases not included in our analyses, such as Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, and the number of results found searching a selection of databases. In late 1971, an online version called MEDLINE ("MEDLARS Online") became available as a way to do online searching of MEDLARS from remote medical libraries. We did not investigate whether the loss of certain references had resulted in changes to the conclusion of the reviews. The selection of databases used when carrying out literature searching for a systematic review can have a significant impact upon the number of records retrieved and the subsequent stages of the review in terms of time and resources spent as well as the review's conclusions. Stroke. Differences in thesaurus terms between databases add another significant burden for translation. Therefore, we research the probability that single or various combinations of databases retrieve the most relevant references in a systematic review by studying actual retrieval in various databases. Learn more in: Query Log Analysis in . 2016;16:161. van Enst WA, Scholten RJ, Whiting P, Zwinderman AH, Hooft L. Meta-epidemiologic analysis indicates that MEDLINE searches are sufficient for diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews. By using this website, you agree to our (DOCX 19kb). Searching only Embase produced an NNR of 57 on average, whereas, for the optimal combination of four databases, the NNR was 73. 11 The majority of records in PubMed are from MEDLINE, which has . J Clin Epidemiol. author reply e140. Stevinson C, Lawlor DA. (Best viewed using Chrome). A recent paper tried to find an acceptable number needed to read for adding an additional database; sadly, however, no true conclusion could be drawn [20]. Why Use CINAHL? Searching for the best evidence. Part 2: searching CINAHL and Medline That is with the generous assumption that the searches in those databases had been designed sensitively enough. 8600 Rockville Pike ", MEDLARS cost $3 million to develop and at the time of its completion in 1964, no other publicly available, fully operational electronic storage and retrieval system of its magnitude existed. - Research articles include the names of the . MEDLINE includes citations from more than 5,200 scholarly journals published around the world. 3 for the legend of the plots in Figs. The database is freely accessible on the Internet via the PubMed interface and new citations are added Tuesday through Saturday. Because this is a novel finding, we cannot conclude whether it is due to our dataset or to a generalizable principle. Objective: This study analyzed data from a study on the value of libraries to understand the specific role that the MEDLINE database plays in relation to other information resources that are available to health care providers and its role in positively impacting patient care. We see that reviewers rarely use Web of Science and especially Google Scholar in their searches, though they retrieve a great deal of unique references in our reviews. articles supplied . 2020 Oct 1;108(4):564-573. doi: 10.5195/jmla.2020.915. Using the MeSH database to define the subject of interest is one of the most useful ways to improve the quality of a search. We copied from the MeSH tree the top MeSH term directly below the disease category or, in to case of the intervention, directly below the therapeutics MeSH term. Before Using Medline to achieve an evidence-based approach to diagnostic We are not implying that a combined search of the four recommended databases will never result in relevant references being missed, rather that failure to search any one of these four databases will likely lead to relevant references being missed. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Joanne Gard Marshall and Amber L. Wells were paid through an interagency agreement between NLM and the US Department of Energy (DOE) with Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) for their participation in re-analyzing data from the original value of libraries study and for interpreting data and writing the current paper. MEDLINE Home - National Library of Medicine Abstract MedlineistheUSNational Library of Medicinedatabasethat isusedfor searchingthemedical biochemistryliterature. -, Westberg EE, Miller RA. Inj Prev. One of the interfaces for searching Medline is PubMed, provided by the NLM for free access via the Internet (www.pubmed.gov). A Minneapolis-Honeywell 800 computer, which was to run MEDLARS, was delivered to the NLM in March 1963, and Frank Bradway Rogers (Director of the NLM 1949 to 1963) said at the time "..If all goes well, the January 1964 issue of Index Medicus will be ready to emerge from the system at the end of this year. In our analyses, we combined the results from MEDLINE in Ovid and PubMed (the subset as supplied by publisher) into one database labeled MEDLINE. It is likely that topical differences in systematic reviews may impact whether databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar add value to the review. Levay P, Raynor M, Tuvey D. The contributions of MEDLINE, other bibliographic databases and various search techniques to NICE public health guidance. Wilkins T, Gillies RA, Davies K. EMBASE versus MEDLINE for family medicine searches: can MEDLINE searches find the forest or a tree? McKibbon KA, Haynes RB, Dilks CJW, Ramsden MF, Ryan NC, Baker L, Flemming T, Fitzgerald D. How good are clinical MEDLINE searches? Privacy MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. Although we searched PubMed as supplied by publisher separately from MEDLINE in Ovid, we combined the included references of these databases into one measurement in our analysis. Therefore, for this research, a total of 58 systematic reviews were analyzed. For each published systematic review, we extracted the references of the included studies. Although Embase covers MEDLINE, it apparently does not index every article from MEDLINE. All authors have approved the final manuscript. Performance was measured using recall, precision, and number needed to read. MeSH term mapper helps identify the correct terminology/MeSH. Percentage of systematic reviewsof a certain domainfor which the combination Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL reached a certain recall. Starting with the most recent articles, we determined the databases searched either from the abstract or from the full text until we had data for 200 reviews. Syst Rev 6, 245 (2017). Careers. Google Scholar. Of course, the loss of a minor non-randomized included study that follows the systematic reviews conclusions would not be as problematic as losing a major included randomized controlled trial with contradictory results. Melissa Rethlefsen receives funding in part from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR001067. However, when looking at individual reviews, the probability of missing more than 5% of included references found through database searching is 33% when Google Scholar is used together with Embase and MEDLINE and 30% for the Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE combination. J Med Libr Assoc. To our surprise, Cochrane CENTRAL did not identify any unique included studies that had not been retrieved by the other databases, not even for the five reviews focusing entirely on RCTs. MEDLINE Complete | EBSCO We will briefly describe the research methodologies used in high quality studies on treatment (interventions), diagnosis (screening and assessment), prognosis, causation, as well as systematic reviews and qualitative studies as described in the purpose and procedure section, and relate these to terms and phrases that can be applied for searching.
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